How to add or subtract a percentage from a number
To calculate an increase, find the given percentage of the starting amount, then add it to the original value. A 20% increase on 150 adds 30 and gives 180. Subtracting 20% removes 30 and leaves 120.
| Operation | Multiplier | Example |
|---|
| Add 5% | 1.05 | 200 × 1.05 = 210 |
| Add 20% | 1.20 | 150 × 1.20 = 180 |
| Subtract 5% | 0.95 | 200 × 0.95 = 190 |
| Subtract 15% | 0.85 | 80 × 0.85 = 68 |
| Subtract 100% | 0 | 80 × 0 = 0 |
Check the base before applying another percentage
Applying 10% twice gives a combined increase of 21%, because 100 becomes 110 and then 121. Each increase applies to the current amount.
A 20% markup on a cost of 100 produces a selling price of 120. The profit margin on that selling price is 20 ÷ 120 × 100, or about 16.67%. Markup and margin use different denominators, so the same numeric percentage does not describe both.
To undo a known increase or decrease, use the reverse percentage method. For a rate between two known amounts, use the free percentage change calculator.